ORIGENS FEUDAIS DO LIBERALISMO

J. D. Moraes
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Abstract

EnglishThe conjunction in medieval England of an early centralized monarchy (compared to continental Europe) with a feudal Parliament gave rise to the institutional prototype of a counter balance to the monarchic power; the principle of reciprocal limitation of powers constitutes a historical precondition of English liberalism. Liberal common sense believes that the institutions of parliamentary type tend to guarantee the freedom and the central power to threaten it. Poland showed that the opposite could also occur. The combined force of the great feudal lords and the Catholic hierarchy (sometimes the same) reduced the King to a delegate elected by the nobility, powerless to make decisions of national interest that ran counter to the solid Alliance of sword and the cross. portuguesA conjuncao, na Inglaterra medieval, de uma monarquia precocemente (em relacao ao continente europeu) centralizada e de um Parlamento feudal deu origem ao prototipo institucional de um contrapeso a centralizacao do poder monarquico, portanto ao principio da limitacao reciproca dos poderes que constitui uma precondicao historica do liberalismo ingles. O senso comum liberal considera que as instituicoes de tipo parlamentar tendem a garantir as liberdades e o poder central a ameaca-las. A Polonia mostrou que pode tambem ocorrer o contrario. A forca combinada dos grandes senhores feudais e da hierarquia catolica (as vezes confundidos nos mesmos potentados) reduziu o rei a funcao de delegado eleito pela nobreza, impotente para tomar decisoes de interesse nacional que contrariassem a solida alianca da espada e do turibulo.
中世纪英格兰早期的中央集权君主制(与欧洲大陆相比)与封建议会的结合产生了制衡君主权力的制度原型;权力的相互限制原则构成了英国自由主义的历史前提。自由主义常识认为,议会制制度倾向于保障自由,而中央权力倾向于威胁自由。波兰表明,相反的情况也可能发生。大封建领主和天主教等级制度的联合力量(有时是相同的)使国王沦为贵族选举的代表,无力做出与剑与十字架的牢固联盟背道而驰的国家利益决定。在中世纪的欧洲大陆,中央集权是封建制度的起源,而在中世纪的欧洲大陆,中央集权是封建制度的起源,而在中世纪的欧洲大陆,中央集权是封建制度的起源,而在中世纪的欧洲大陆,中央集权是封建制度的起源,中央集权是封建制度的起源。因此,公共自由主义被认为是议会倾向的机构,而自由主义则被认为是中央和中央的自由主义。一种波洛尼亚最具特色的豆荚手鼓。一股由大贵族和高级贵族组成的力量(如大贵族和高级贵族),减少了一股由高级贵族和高级贵族组成的权力机构(如大贵族和高级贵族),一股由高级贵族组成的权力机构(如高级贵族和高级贵族),一股由国家间的权力决定组成的力量,而不是一股由高级贵族组成的团结联盟和高级贵族组成的力量。
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