Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma as a diagnostic procedure in prehospital medicine

Abstract

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool used in emergency medicine, intensive care or surgery. Technological progress and the minimization of portable devices has made it possible to perform ultrasound examinations outside the hospital, including in emergency medical teams. The ability to diagnose internal bleeding in patients with injuries is one of the key diagnostic elements. Performing ultrasound based on F.A.S.T., BLUE or FEEL protocols in the conditions of medical rescue teams can significantly shorten the time of diagnostics by directing the patient directly to the emergency room. Thanks to the progress in medical technology it is possible to perform ultrasonography with the use of mobile devices. In an increasing number of medical rescue teams, portable ultrasound devices are available. In order to use these devices effectively, it is necessary to know the protocol of examination and interpretation of ultrasound image. This article describes the F.A.S.T. procedure. The purpose of the procedure is to detect free fluid in the peritoneal cavity and pericardium. When we observe hemodynamic instability with signs of anemia, we may assume that there has been internal hemorrhage. Thanks to this examination, the patient can be quickly diagnosed and transported directly from the ambulance or emergency department to the operating theatre, where he or she will be operated on immediately, without wasting unnecessary time, which is so important for the patient's health and life. Performing the F.A.S.T. examination in the practice of the emergency medical team may speed up decisions regarding transporting the patient to the trauma center, thus increasing the chances of the patient in the case of internal bleeding.