The Role of Cardiovascular 3D Bioprinting in Repairing Damaged Cardiac Tissues: A Critical Review of Engineering Scaffolds

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases and damage have become very common and thus medical science focuses on technology and biomedical engineering to improve the quality of concerning treatment. In this context, “cardiovascular bioprinting engineering” endeavours to regenerate and repair damaged heart and blood vessel tissues. Medical science currently focuses on the differentiation between pluripotent and multipotent cells on the basis of “biometrical scaffold design” which promotes the development of functional cardiac tissues. The advanced “3D bioprinting technology” allows heterogeneous biometrics, cells, and signal factors to deposit in precise and organised geometrical figures exactly similar to their surrounding counterparts. This technology is used for fabricating “cardiac tissues” in vitro including inkjet, extrusion, and stereolithography with naturally-derived or synthetic bioinks. This article has evaluated the methods and techniques related to “3D bioprinting” technology including the current practices and procedure of post-fabrication in order to develop effective tissues and concerning engineering in vitro. Keyword : 3D Bioprinting Engineering, Bioink, CVD, ECM, Electrospinning, Inkjet Printing, Laser-Based Stereolithography, Natural Bioinks, Scaffold, Synthetic Bioinks