文化心理劇對成員在孝道困境中親子互動的改變效益

Abstract

本研究目的為探討文化心理劇對孝道下親子互動困難的改變效益，以焦點團體訪談參與連續17週心理劇團體之碩士班學生，採用主題分析法進行分析。研究結果首先呈現家庭系統與歷史、孝道困境的親子互動與文化議題，以及帶來之轉化；接著了解成員參與團體後，對父母眼中孝順觀點之認識：包括子女順服嚴格管教方為「孝」、承接父母情緒逆來順受方為「孝」、夫妻衝突子女站隊支持方為「孝」、隨侍老邁父母不遠遊方為「孝」、子女犧牲自我成龍成鳳方為「孝」；以及子女之回應為五類：「壓抑情緒以維持家中和諧」、「努力表現以完成父母期待」、「受困過往經驗而深陷情緒」、「陽奉陰違內心疏離避免衝突」、「直面衝突卻深陷自責與愧疚」。最後，研究發現文化心理劇能帶給子女有六項改變：「覺察過往壓抑情緒，學會真實表達」、「重看過往傷害，帶出現關係中自我的理解」、「勇於面對衝突學到新因應模式」、「理解父母文化脈絡，帶出寬容與接納」、「重新定義『孝』，發展新的親子互動關係」、「突破孝道困境，憶起過往親子互動情誼」。依據結果探討子女在文化中的內在糾結，以及文化心理劇促進子女對「孝」的重新定義，帶來的親子關係改變效益。  This study investigated the effectiveness of culture-specific psychodrama on changing participants’ parent-child interactions regarding filial piety. A focused group interview was conducted with master’s students who participated in an ongoing psychodrama group lasting 17 weeks. A qualitative analysis of the interview yielded the following results. First, adult children experienced difficulties in five areas of parent-child interactions: (1) parents’ hierarchical disciplinary attitudes, (2) parents’ emotional and behavioral problems, (3) spousal issues between parents, (4) the pressures accompanying the responsibility of caring for parents, and (5) parents’ ardent expectations of the children. Second, five positions were noted in response to these difficulties: (1) strenuous efforts for maintaining harmony in the face of family conflicts; (2) suppression of inner conflicts that accompanied the responsibilities in the role of a child, (3) being trapped in the pain inflicted by parents’ past behaviors, (4) avoiding interactions and becoming emotionally withdrawn, and (5) anger and self-blame resulting from direct conflicts. Third, six changes were brought about by culture-specific psychodrama: (1) gaining awareness and accepting one’s own feelings, (2) clarifying the impact of painful past experiences, (3) gaining clarity of boundaries regarding their sense of responsibility in their tense relationships, (4) showing deep and comprehensive understanding of parents’ cultural backgrounds, (5) becoming more flexible when conflicts arise in the relationship, and (6) increasing emotional interactions between the parents and children. Based on these results, we discussed the inner conflicts experienced by children belonging toin this culture, as well as the children’s growing understanding of the sociocultural landscape delineated by culture-specific psychodrama and its effectiveness on changing the parent-child relationship.