Penentuan Pilihan Model Kelembagaan untuk Pengembangan Perbenihan Bawang Merah Melalui True Shallot Seed di Jawa Timur (Choice Determination of Institutional model for Seed Development of Shallot through True Shallot Seed System in East Java)

Abstract

Penggunaan biji true shallot seed (TSS) telah diperkenalkan sebagai salah satu alternatif penyediaan benih bawang merah yang sehat dan berkualitas tinggi yang tersedia dalam jumlah yang cukup bagi petani sepanjang tahun. Penggunaan TSS diharapkan dapat mengatasi persoalan kuantitas dan kualitas bawang merah konsumsi serta perbenihan bawang merah di Indonesia. Pembentukan kelembagaan yang tepat perlu dibangun sejalan dengan pengembangan TSS. Pembentukan kelembagaan yang baik dan kuat dapat menghasilkan teknologi inovatif yang tepat dan menjamin ketersediaan benih TSS dalam jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui model pilihan kelembagaan stakeholder (pemangku kepentingan) untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem perbenihan TSS bawang merah di Jawa Timur. Survei dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2016 di Jawa Timur melalui interview kepada 35 responden. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan konsep Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan program statistik Super Decisions. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa opsi kelembagaan yang dipilih oleh responden untuk pengembangan perbenihan bawang merah TSS di Jawa Timur adalah opsi 1. Di opsi 1, Balitsa dan BPTP berperan memproduksi TSS kelas jenis Benih Penjenis (BS) dari umbi varietas bawang merah unggul dan memberikan delegasi legalitas/lisensi kepada BBI/BBU/BBH/SWASTA untuk memproduksi/memperbanyak Benih Umbi kelas benih BS. Berikutnya, Perguruan Tinggi (PT)/BPTP/SWASTA menghasilkan TSS dan umbi benih untuk kelas Benih Dasar (BD). Selanjutnya penangkar terpilih memproduksi TSS dan umbi benih kelas Benih Pokok (BP) dan Benih Sebar (BR). Benih Sebar ditanam oleh petani untuk memproduksi umbi bawang merah konsumsi. Produksi TSS-BP, benih umbi BP, TSS-BR, dan benih umbi BR diawasi dan didampingi oleh BPTP.KeywordsAnalisis hirarkhi proses (AHP); Benih botani bawang merah; Model kelembagaan; Perbenihan bawang merahAbstractThe use of true shallot seed (TSS) has been promoted as an alternative method to obtain healthy and high quality shallot seed that supposed to be adequately available for farmers along the year. The use of TSS is expected to be able of solving quantity and quality problems of shallot table consumption and shallot seed in Indonesia. A functioning institutional setting should be established in line with the development of TSS. The establisment of good and strong institutional could generate innovative appropriate technologies and ensure the availability of TSS in a long term. The objective of this study was to investigate the stakeholders’ choice of some institutional models to support the development of TSS shallot seed system in East Java. A survey was conducted from March to August 2016 to collect data by interviewing 35 respondents. Data were analysed by employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) concept and using Super Decisions statistical program. Results indicates that an institutional setting selected by respondents to support the development of TSS shallot seed system in East Java is described in the first option. The first option suggests that Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI) and Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) have the role of producing TSS for Breeder Seed class (BS) from high quality shallot bulbs and providing legality delegation or license to BBI/BBU/BBH (Indonesian government seed institutions)/Private in producing/multiplying seed bulbs of BS class. Afterward, the University/AIAT/Private will produce TSS and seed bulbs for Foundation Seed class (FS). Furthermore, selected shallot seed growers will produce TSS and seed bulbs for Stock Seed class (SS) and Extension Seed class (ES). The ES will be used by farmers to produce shallot bulbs for table consumption. Production of FS-TSS, FS-seed bulbs, ES-TSS, and ES-seed bulbs will be monitored and supervised by AIAT.