Behavioral Counseling Guidebook with Discussion Techniques and Positive Reinforcement to Increase High School Students' Self-confidence

Ni Nyoman, J. Priya, Dewi Dasi
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Abstract

The large number of students who are still shy about expressing opinions and easily feel nervous when doing something shows that the level of self-confidence of students is still relatively low. To overcome these problems, we need media guidance that can help increase student self-confidence. This research aims to produce a product as a behavioral counseling guidebook with discussion techniques and positive reinforcement to increase student self-confidence. This research belongs to the development research developed using the 4D model through the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The subjects involved in this study were five experts/practitioners in guidance and counseling and 32 high school students. Data collection in the study was carried out using questionnaires online via Google form, with the research instrument as a media validity test sheet. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using the CVR (Content Validity Ratio), CVI from Lawshe, and the t-test. The results of the research analysis show that the probability value is 0.000. When compared with a significance level of 0.005, this certainly shows that the significance level is greater than the probability of the data. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a behavioral counseling guidebook with discussion techniques and positive reinforcement to increase high school students' self-confidence is feasible to implement and use in the guidance process.  
带讨论技巧和正强化的行为辅导指南:提高高中生自信心
大量的学生仍然羞于表达自己的观点,做事时容易感到紧张,这表明学生的自信水平仍然相对较低。为了克服这些问题,我们需要媒体的引导,以帮助提高学生的自信心。本研究旨在制作一份包含讨论技巧和正强化的行为辅导手册,以提高学生的自信心。本研究属于利用4D模型通过定义、设计、开发、传播等阶段展开的开发性研究。本研究的研究对象为5名指导咨询专家/从业人员和32名高中生。本研究的数据收集采用谷歌在线问卷形式进行,研究工具为媒体效度测试表。然后使用CVR (Content Validity Ratio,内容效度比)、Lawshe的CVI和t检验对研究中获得的数据进行分析。研究分析结果表明,概率值为0.000。当与显著性水平0.005相比时,这当然表明显著性水平大于数据的概率。基于这些结果,可以得出结论,一个带有讨论技巧和正强化的行为咨询指南可以在指导过程中实施和使用,以增加高中生的自信。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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