An Observational Study of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients from a Small Town of Bihar, India

Abstract

This study was conducted to describe the profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from a small town of Bihar, India. This study was conducted over 98 patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who were taking treatment from a specialized diabetic hospital of Bihar Sharif, headquarter of Nalanda district of Bihar state, India. The study was conducted during January 2023 to March 2023. The patients were requested to complete a questionnaire including their risk profile (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and glycaemic status), sociodemographic factors, general health, symptoms present, family history of diabetes, physical activity, diet control, medications (oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin injections, antihypertensives, etc.) and habits present (tobacco chewing, alcohol consumption and smoking). Blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS) level and lipid profile were also included in the questionnaire. Overall, 98 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with mean age of 60.23±7.50 years were studied. Out of 98 patients, 43 (43.87%) were male and 55 (56.12%) were female. Most of the T2DM patients (42.86%) were obese, and 70.40% had a positive family history of diabetes. 11.22% of patients had vision impairment. The mean FBS level was 188.11±71.10 mg/dl and good glycemic control (FBS level <100 mg/dl) was achieved only in 12.24% of the T2DM patients. 47.96% of study patients were also suffering from hypertension. This study concluded that many factors like family history of diabetes, obesity, uncontrolled glycaemic status, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and sedentary lifestyle were present among the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. This study will guide the healthcare professionals to develop a better roadmap for controlling and screening Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bihar, India.