Influence of abiotic stress on biomolecules

Abstract

Plants are exposed continuously in their natural environment to diverse abiotic assaults throughout life, which leads to a decrease in yield. As a result, plants have evolved unique mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to help them resist, adapt, or survive severe environmental circumstances. Unfavorable environmental effects cause disruptions such as the inhibition of growth and photosynthesis, the closing of stomata, discoloration, and the accumulation of toxic forms of ROS in plants. However, currently, a substantial quantity of information has been gathered on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sunlight, temperature, salt content, heavy metals, air and water pollution, and UV radiation are all known to contribute to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. ROS harm plant systems structurally, causing a disruption in their equilibrium and the development of oxidative stress. Without appropriate control, the quantity of ROS in cells rises, causing oxidative damage to cell membranes, proteins, RNA and DNA molecules, and even cell death. It is critical to understand how plants respond to various stimuli and develop resistance to them. The review article aims to provide a general overview of the impact of oxidative stress on biomolecules in response to different abiotic stresses.