Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical Evaluation, and Antioxidant Activity of the Leaves of Grewia bilamellata Gagnep. (Tiliaceae)

Abstract

This research seeks to analyze the Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical evaluation, Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant activity of the leaves of Grewia bilamellata Gagnep. (G. bilamellata). This Pharmacognostic study comprises microscopic observation, leaf characteristics, phytochemical and physicochemical analyses, and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H 2 O 2 assays. The leaf shows anomocytic stomata, covering, glandular and stellate type of trichomes, Total phenolic and flavonoid content turned greatest in ethanolic extract (EEGB) (90.69±2.86 mg GAE/g), and (26.21 ± 1.51 mg RE/g), respectively. EEGB showed the most intense 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H 2 O 2 scavenging activity, with IC 50 59.96 and 59.24 µg/ml. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents - DPPH and H 2 O 2 scavenging assays were positively correlated. The Invitro Antioxidant results were also correlated with the Insilico method using xanthine oxidase (XOD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as targets. Microscopic and physicochemical parameters are valuable for authenticating drug identification and purity. G. bilamellata is a potential perspective source of antioxidants.