Prevalence of dyspeptic symptoms among patients on low-dose antiplatelet therapy

Abstract

Background: Low-dose antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care for the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular events. Dyspeptic symptoms may result in discontinuation of treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dyspeptic symptoms among patients on low-dose antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Subjects, Materials, and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 253 adults on low-dose antiplatelet attending the Cardiology Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Prevalence and clinical impact of dyspepsia were assessed using a structured questionnaire incorporating the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: A total of 253 patients were recruited for this study. The mean age was 54 ± 12.2 years. The prevalence of dyspeptic symptoms was 47.8%. Epigastric pain was the most common self-reported dyspeptic symptom (33.2%) followed by heartburn (23.7%). Melena and hematemesis were reported by 5.5% and 1.2% of the patients. Treatment duration was longer for those with dyspeptic symptoms (45.8 ± 139.6 vs. 28.3 ± 31 months), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.17). A prior history of peptic ulcer disease was predictive of dyspeptic symptoms (odds radio; 8.62, confidence interval; 2.49–29.83). Majority (71.7%) of the patients reported their symptoms as occasional episodes which mildly impair their daily quality of life. Compliance was impacted in 6.7% of the patients. Conclusion: Dyspeptic symptoms, mostly epigastric pain, are prevalent among Nigerian patients on low-dose antiplatelets which negatively impact their daily life activities and compliance to treatment.