Primary hepatic neuroblastoma in a 19-month-old child: A case report

Abstract

Introduction. Neuroblastoma in solid organs other than the sympathetic nervous system is extremely rare. The most common site of neuroblastoma is the adrenal medulla. Liver neuroblastomas are usually metastatic lesions, particularly from stage 4S adrenal neuroblastoma. Patient review. We report the first case of primary hepatic high-risk neuroblastoma diagnosed in a child older than 12 months. The patient received multimodal oncology treatment, including chemotherapy, surgery, bone marrow transplantation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, as well as deep regional hyperthermia. Despite the timely diagnosis, the tumor was refractory to intensive treatment, and the patient died 2.5 years after the diagnosis. Conclusion. The differential diagnosis of primary malignant liver tumors in pediatric patients should include neuro-blastoma, especially in tumors with atypical clinical presentation. The reports of similar cases in the future may contribute to better tumor biology understanding and facilitate clinical management.