Complications of Gastroenteritis By Typhoid Fever in Amazonia: Clinical Cases Genetic Evaluation from Intestinal Drilling, Pneumonia and Cholestatic Hepatitis

Abstract

Typhoid fever is a systemic disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, characterized by high fever accompanied by intestinal disorders, whose transmission occurs through the consumption of contaminated water and food [1,2]. The method used for the diagnosis is culture, which can result in false negatives due to previous use of antibiotics. Failure to diagnose the outcome makes therapeutic conduct unfeasible, constituting an aggravating factor in the clinic than some cases. One way around this problem is to use assays based on the amplification of nucleic acids [3,4]. Typhoid fever remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, which has seen little decrease in mortality rates since the 1990s [5]. Countries in East and Southeast Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America currently suffer from this public health problem [6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 11 to 20 million new cases in the world and approximately 128,000 to 161,000 deaths each year [7]. In Brazil, between 2001 and 2019, 1,745 cases of typhoid fever were confirmed, the Brazilian Amazon, although it represents 59% of the Brazilian territory, but with the lowest population density, 12.83% of the total population, reported the largest number of cases at all parents with 1,491 (85.44% of the national total) [8]. Thus, the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) invests in the program aimed at the surveillance of gastroenteric diseases and their complications with a focus on laboratory diagnosis of patients with suspected typhoid fever from all over the Brazilian Amazon [9].