INHERITED AND ADOPTED VOCABULARY: DIFFERENCE OF THE CONCEPT WORDS ETHYMOLOGY AND ADOPTED WORDS (based on Spanish and Ukrainian languages)

Abstract

The article deals with the semantic processes peculiar to the vocabulary of foreign origin in Spanish and Ukrainian. As it is known, in the vocabulary of any language there are inherited, own and adopted words by their origin. It seems interesting to compare and conclude whether there are common approaches to the definition of these terms – and, accordingly, to the processes of their adopting – in the two comparable languages. In the case of the Ukrainian language, experts believe that the actual Ukrainian vocabulary was created after the All-Slavic linguistic unity and at the present time is registered in the written works of the Ukrainians, founding its basis and forming national features of the language meanwhile adopted vocabulary are linguistic units that had come from different languages in the moment of direct or indirect communication. These are mainly Polish, Russian, Turkic languages, Latin and Greek. A similar approach is found in works of ulgarspecialists who have analyzed a similar phenomenon in Spanish, with the difference that the actual Spanish vocabulary was formed on the basis of Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, and adopted units also appeared in the course of historical development of direct or indirect communication (languages of pre Latin and post-Latin periods). These included mainly Latinisms, Greekisms, Arabisms, Indianisms and a small number of Germanisms. It seems important that the criteria for distinguishing specific and etymologically foreign vocabulary have not found an unambiguous definition, which leads to significant differences in terms of the quantitative composition of vocabulary in terms of its origin. Etymologically, foreign language vocabulary in the course of assimilation often loses its primary meaning and acquires a new in the course of language development. Such tokens acquire the status of interlingual paronyms (false friends of the translator).