Current issues of food and chemical safety of children and adolescents: acute household poisoning

N. Kurdil, A. Kalashnikov, B. Sheyman, O. Lutsenko, N. A. Voloshina, A. A. Urin
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Abstract

Ukraine is among the countries with a high prevalence of acute chemical etiology poisoning in the countries of the European region, taking the penultimate place according to WHO (2017). The Aim of the Research. To study the risk factors for acute domestic poisoning among children and adolescents in Ukraine and to identify measures to improve it. Methods and Materials. The annual statistical reports of WHO, the data of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, and statistics of the Department of acute poisoning of the NCSH «Okhmatdyt» were analyzed. Research methods: system approach and benchmarking were applied. Results and Discussion. A comparative estimate of the incidence of acute poisoning over the last 15 years in Ukraine indicates an overall tendency for their growth as a whole: in the group of children 0–14 years, an average of 10.4% (from 13.8 ± 0.05 cases / 10000 in 1996–1998 to 15.4 ± 0.1 cases / 10000 pediatric population in 2006–2010). Among children aged 0–4 years, the rate of increase in the number of acute poisonings was the highest, i.e. it increased from 31.7 ± 0.1 to 37.1 ± 0.2 cases / 10000 of the pediatric population of this age. The incidence of primary diseases of the pediatric population, according to the data of the Injury and Poisoning statistical group, has been practically at the same level in recent years, with a slight upward trend. Thus, over the last 20 years the incidence has fluctuated within 39.6–51.4 cases / 10000 population. Conclusions. An important factor in the emergence of household poisoning is the lack of motivation of the population, including children and adolescents, to lead a healthy lifestyle (including maintaining a healthy diet). Key Words: chemical safety, food safety, toxicology, acute poisoning.
儿童和青少年食品和化学品安全的当前问题:急性家庭中毒
根据世卫组织(2017年)的数据,乌克兰是欧洲区域国家中急性化学病因中毒发生率高的国家之一,排名倒数第二。研究的目的。研究乌克兰儿童和青少年急性家庭中毒的危险因素,并确定改善措施。方法与材料。分析了世界卫生组织年度统计报告、乌克兰国家统计委员会、乌克兰卫生部医学统计中心的数据和国家卫生健康中心“Okhmatdyt”急性中毒科的统计数据。研究方法:采用系统法和标杆法。结果和讨论。对乌克兰过去15年急性中毒发生率的比较估计表明,其总体增长趋势是:在0-14岁儿童群体中,平均增长10.4%(从1996-1998年的13.8±0.05例/ 10000例增加到2006-2010年的15.4±0.1例/ 10000例儿科人口)。在0-4岁儿童中,急性中毒人数的增长速度最高,从该年龄段儿童人口的31.7±0.1例增加到37.1±0.2例。根据伤害和中毒统计组的数据,近年来儿科人群的原发性疾病发病率几乎处于同一水平,并有轻微上升的趋势。因此,在过去的20年里,发病率在39.6-51.4 / 10000人之间波动。出现家庭中毒的一个重要因素是,包括儿童和青少年在内的人口缺乏采取健康生活方式(包括保持健康饮食)的动力。关键词:化学品安全,食品安全,毒理学,急性中毒。
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