Strengthening local governments: urban fiscal decentralization in India*

Soumyadip Chattopadhyay
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Municipal governments in India have encountered increasing demographic and social pressures in recent years. The pace of urbanization, albeit modest in nature in the recent years, has been creating serious problems for the provision of urban infrastructure in general and urban basic services in particular. The scenario has worsened in the context of growth of slums and squatter settle ments in various cities. Moreover, these urban areas appear to be the cynosure for investment – domestic as well as international – as a result of the adoption of the New Economic Policy that focuses on liberalization, fiscal adjustment, and financial sector reform. To reap the benefits of these trends, it is essential to achieve a world-class urban system, which – in turn – depends on attaining efficiency and equity in the delivery and financing of urban infrastructure. The states′ decrepit financial positions as well as the institutional fabric of most municipal governments exacerbate the problem. To overcome these constraints and challenges, various institutional, fiscal, and financial reforms have been initiated. Among them, the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, recognizes the principle of local self-government and offers constitutional recognition to urban local governments. But, the critical question is how far this Constitutional Amendment is successful. This paper is an attempt in this direction.
加强地方政府:印度城市财政分权*
近年来,印度的市政府面临着越来越大的人口和社会压力。城市化的速度,虽然在最近几年是缓慢的,但对一般的城市基础设施,特别是城市基本服务的提供造成了严重的问题。在各个城市贫民窟和棚户区不断增加的背景下,这种情况更加恶化。此外,由于采取了以自由化、财政调整和金融部门改革为重点的新经济政策,这些城市地区似乎成为国内和国际投资的焦点。为了从这些趋势中获益,必须建立一个世界级的城市系统,而这反过来又取决于在城市基础设施的交付和融资方面实现效率和公平。各州破旧的财政状况以及大多数市政府的制度结构加剧了这一问题。为克服这些制约和挑战,中国启动了各种体制、财政、金融改革。其中,1992年宪法修改案第74条承认地方自治原则,并对城市地方自治团体给予宪法承认。但是,关键的问题是这个宪法修正案在多大程度上是成功的。本文就是在这个方向上的尝试。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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