{"title":"Physically based models of electromigration","authors":"R. L. de Orio, S. Selberherr","doi":"10.1109/EDSSC.2013.6628175","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Interconnect lifetimes due to electromigration (EM) failures are traditionally described by a modified Black equation [1] equation (1) where tf is the time to failure (TTF), A is a constant, j is the electrical current density, n is a fitting parameter which describes the impact of the current density, Ea is the fitted activation energy representing the failure mechanism, k is Boltzmann's constant, and T is the temperature. Originally, Black's derivation resulted in n = 2 [1]. However, this was the source of an extensive debate [2], until more physically sound models showed that n = 2 is associated with a failure dominated by the void nucleation time [3], while n = 1 implies a failure dominated by the void growth time [4].","PeriodicalId":333267,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices and Solid-state Circuits","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"2013 IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices and Solid-state Circuits","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDSSC.2013.6628175","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
Interconnect lifetimes due to electromigration (EM) failures are traditionally described by a modified Black equation [1] equation (1) where tf is the time to failure (TTF), A is a constant, j is the electrical current density, n is a fitting parameter which describes the impact of the current density, Ea is the fitted activation energy representing the failure mechanism, k is Boltzmann's constant, and T is the temperature. Originally, Black's derivation resulted in n = 2 [1]. However, this was the source of an extensive debate [2], until more physically sound models showed that n = 2 is associated with a failure dominated by the void nucleation time [3], while n = 1 implies a failure dominated by the void growth time [4].