Educational and educational functions of running in the pedagogical system of P.F. Lesgaft

Abstract

The subject of the study is the pedagogically significant functions of running and running exercises, which are the basic components of the physical education system created by Peter Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837-1909). Clarification of the educational and cognitive potential of running practices for the formation of physical abilities, mind, character and moral qualities of students in the light of P.F. Lesgaft's humanistic ideals is the purpose of the proposed scientific work. The author draws attention to the depth of comprehension by the great Russian teacher of the historical, theoretical and applied aspects of various running exercises, their systemic relations not only with other types of physical activity, but also with the school complex of natural disciplines, as well as the educational process as a whole. The practical significance of the article is manifested in its focus on improving the quality of teaching physical culture in educational institutions. The historical and anthropological approach, a number of general scientific (systematization, generalization, comparison) and theoretical methods (analysis of literature on the research problem, terminological analysis) were chosen as research methods. In accordance with the concept of multidimensional correlation of physical and intellectual-spiritual development developed by P.F. Lesgaft, it was found that running without turns (ekpletridzein) forms a muscular sense of space as a training exercise; long running, obstacle running and running with weights are accustomed to perseverance of actions; high–speed running - to concentrated activity that requires significant stress in a short period; running with a torch develops coordination of upper and lower extremities; running on socks promotes grace of movements; running in "party" games teaches discipline and responsibility to the team; running with a metronome develops a sense of time. Also, running exercises prepare young men for military service, and in relation to schoolchildren of both sexes, they perform a recreational function and develop the skill of finding the optimal ratio of the distance to be overcome, time and effort expended.