Efecto de ingresar a la carrera docente oficial sobre el salario y la salud (The Effect to Be Admitted to Public Teacher Career on the Salaries and Health)

Abstract

Spanish Abstract: Esta investigacion estudia el efecto de ser admitido en la carrera docente oficial sobre los salarios y la salud. Para esto, emplea informacion de la primera convocatoria para la carrera docente en 2004 en Colombia, despues de la reforma del estatuto docente, e informacion de los docentes diez anos despues. Esta investigacion utiliza un diseno de Regresion Discontinua como estrategia de identificacion para estimar el efecto causal (ITT y TOT), que aprovecha la exogeneidad generada por el umbral minimo requerido para ser aceptado en la carrera docente oficial. Los resultados sugieren que ser admitido en la carrera docente oficial tiene efecto en salarios mas alto, un mayor numero de meses laborales por ano, una mayor probabilidad de continuar en el sector educativo y ningun efecto en tener un trabajo adicional. En relacion con resultados en salud, se encuentra que los maestros admitidos en la carrera docente oficial se enferman mas que sus pares que no ingresaron, medidos en numero de dias de incapacidad; ademas, son los maestros de mayor edad quienes se enferman mas. English Abstract: In this paper, we study the effects of entry into the public teacher career on salaries and health. We use information from the first cohort of teachers that entered into the public schools in 2004 in Colombia, just after the passing of a reform on teacher careers, and information about teacher outcomes ten years later. We uses a Discontinuous Regression design as identification strategy to estimate the causal effect (ITT and TOT), which takes advantage of the exogeneity generated by the minimum threshold required to be accepted into the public teacher career. Our results suggest that to be admitted into the public teacher career has an effect on higher salary, representing up to one month additional pay per year, a greater probability of continuing in the educational sector, and no effect on having an additional job. In relation to health outcomes, we found that teachers admitted into the public teacher career get sicker than their peers who are not admitted, measured in number of days of leave; in addition we found that older teachers get sicker more often.