COVID-19 and risk of cardiomyocyte injury: The prevailing scenario

Abstract

The novel coronavirus which is also called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause substantial pulmonary disease, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), clinicians have observed many extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that may play important roles in the pathophysiology of cardiac and arrhythmic complications. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (cytokine storm) is another putative mechanism of myocardial injury. In addition to lung damage, there may be significant cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19, which is responsible for worsening the clinical condition of the host. The main cardiac manifestations can be oedema, pericarditis, cardiac fibrosis, myocarditis, impairment of contractile function and cardiac electrophysiology. The cardiac status of patients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection of surviving patients in convalescence period should be carefully monitored.