Early neonatal period of newborns from mothers with sexually transmitted infections in the case history

Abstract

The objective: to analyze the perinatal consequences of childbirth and the early neonatal period of the newborns from mothers with sexually transmitted infections in the case history. Materials and methods. In order to meet the objective, we examined 80 pregnant women on the basis of the Kyiv City Center of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine (the clinical base of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology of Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine) for the period of 2020–2021. There were two groups: group I – 50 pregnant women with STIs in the case history and group II – a control group – 30 practically healthy pregnant women with a successful reproductive history and uncomplicated course of the present pregnancy. Clinical and statistical analysis of perinatal consequences of childbirth and early neonatal period in newborns from these women was conducted. Results. The analysis of perinatal consequences of childbirth from women with sexually transmitted infections in the case history showed a high frequency of intranatal asphyxia of varying severity – 19 children (38.0%), severe – 2 children (4.0%). The early neonatal period disease incidence of infants born from the women in this group is 38 (38.0%; p<0.05) cases against 13.3% in the control group. The frequency of detection of fetal growth retardation syndrome in women patients of group I significantly increased compared to women from the control group - up to 10.0% (p<0.05 by criterion χ2). The fetal growth retardation syndrome occurred in women of group I, due to the placenta dysfunction, which was caused by the primary deterioration of uteroplacental hemodynamics and microthrombosis in the placenta. At the same time, early FGR (up to 32 weeks) was detected in women of group I – 80.0% of cases. It can be assumed that the development of FGR syndrome coincides with the manifestation of the underlying sexually transmitted disease during gestation. Manifestations of intrauterine infection were observed in newborns from women from group I in 18.0% of cases, which was statistically significant compared to the control (p<0.05 by criterion χ2). Among this category of newborns, inflammatory processes of the skin (44.4%), urinary tract infections (33.3%), and pneumonia (22.2%) were most of ten observed. Conclusions. The study confirms and suggests that the presence sexually transmitted infection in the case history adversely affects perinatal outcomes. This had a negative effect on the newborn with the realization in the form of asphyxia, decreased weight growth, CNS damage, conjugative jaundice, intrauterine infection and its implementation in the early neonatal period. Ensuring quality care for this category of newborns requires special attention of neonatologists to predict neonatal complications of intrauterine infection.