Using Frequency Hypsography to Deduce Doppler Frequency Shift and Phase Path

Abstract

This paper presents a new method- using frequency hypsography to calculate Doppler shift and phase path. Formula deduced from this method can avoid some unbelievable factors that are produced from hypotheses on not only parameter of ionosphere but also model of electronic density distribution. And this formula can also explain "C" trace occurring on HF-Doppler records.