Response of maize (Zea mays) yield to traditional, conventional, and conservation agricultural practices

Abstract

Traditional agriculture has had negative effects for many years, including low crop productivity, food insecurity, and malnutrition. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of conservation tillage with conventional and traditional tillages on maize yield and sandy soil properties at Arba Minch Zuria and Gacho Baba Woredas of Gamo Zone. This study revealed that most of the soil properties are influenced by soil management practices. The soil fertility elements such as OC, TN, and CEC were found to be low in studied soils before and after planting. “Below Optimum” (very low, low, medium) levels of nutrients such as TN, OC/OM, exchangeable bases, CEC and PBS were found to be low in studied soils; considered deficient and limit crop yield. These limiting nutrients do not allow the full expression of other nutrients that are available in optimum amounts. Multi-nutrient deficiencies in soils have led to a decline in productivity and deterioration in the quantity and quality of the produce. “Optimum” (sufficient, adequate, proportional) nutrient levels are considered adequate and will probably not limit crop growth. “Above Optimum” (high, very high, and excessive) levels of nutrients were considered more than adequate and will not limit crop yield. P2O5 and, K2O are above high and not considered as a yield limiting mineral elements. CA fields increased maize yield by 39%, and 59% as compared to the CO and TR Fields in the year2019, respectively). Similarly, CA fields increased maize yield by 54%, and 62% as compared to the CO and TR in the year 2020, respectively. Therefore, it might be advised to use management techniques that improve soil nitrogen availability. Rotation and intercropping of suitable leguminous species that contribute N to the system are also necessary, but the soils in the study area need to be Rhizobium-host-required before any specific recommendations can be made.