“What Porto Rico Can Do for the United States”: The Imperial Roots of the School Survey and Statistics Movement in the United States, 1898-1915

Brianna Lafoon
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Abstract

In the early twentieth century, as the American empire expanded overseas, the United States created school systems in the new territories of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. These sites became spaces for experimentation of progressive educational ideas.  In Puerto Rico, the lack of funding to expand the quantity of schools led administrators to focus on improving the quality of schools through the use of statistics and school surveys.  One administrator in particular, Leonard P. Ayres, helped trial the use educational statistics on the island and then brought back his ideas to the mainland. The significance of Ayres’s experience in the colony and his future career in education back in the US helped shape the direction of American education through the twentieth century to today. 
“波多黎各能为美国做些什么”:1898-1915年美国学校调查和统计运动的帝国根源
二十世纪初,随着美国帝国的海外扩张,美国在波多黎各和菲律宾的新领土上建立了学校系统。这些网站成为了进步教育理念的实验场所。在波多黎各,由于缺乏扩大学校数量的资金,管理人员把重点放在通过使用统计数据和学校调查来提高学校质量上。莱昂纳德·p·艾尔斯(Leonard P. Ayres)是其中一位特别的行政官员,他帮助在岛上试用了教育统计数据,然后把他的想法带回了大陆。艾尔斯在殖民地的经历和他在美国的教育生涯的重要性,帮助塑造了美国教育的方向,从20世纪到今天。
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