OVERVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD

D.V. Lyapin
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Abstract

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a much broader concept than just enterprises, and additionally include individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed. SMEs in a broad sense are precisely the sector that is seen in the EU and around the world as a key component of national security and a key element of employment. SMEs is a guarantee social stability and are an important element of innovative development and, accordingly, significantly affect the success of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of SME development in Ukraine is generally proportional to the state of SME development in the EU, but the regulatory conditions for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises still do not fully meet the requirements and standards that should ensure economic growth. Therefore, in Ukraine the process of accumulation and understanding of the world experience of developed countries in the field of procedures for the formation of state policy on SMEs is becoming increasingly important. And the first stage of this process is the proper definition of the object of regulation - that is, the development of unambiguous terminology and criteries - which economic subjects belong to the group of micro, small and medium. The article considers the stages of development of a modern classification of SMEs in Ukraine, presents the positive and negative components of this process. The process of bringing the classification of SMEs in Ukraine in line with European practice is analyzed. Peculiarities of SME classification in the context of formation of state support programs are considered. The expediency of adopting the classifier of economic activities (KVED:2010) in the form of the law of Ukraine has been studied (at this time - as normative act of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine). The article shows that in most developed countries the classification of SMEs is not completely universal for different policies (fiscal, support policy, export, etc.) - and even within one country, different classifiers of SMEs can be used. Therefore, the emphasis is not on the formal compliance of SMEs with certain criteria, but on a meaningful understanding of the qualitative and fundamental differences between micro and small and medium-sized businesses. And the definition that public policy towards micro, small and medium-sized businesses has qualitatively different goals and should use different public policy instruments.
概述乌克兰和世界小企业的分类
中小企业是一个比企业更广泛的概念,它还包括个体企业家和个体经营者。从广义上讲,中小企业正是在欧盟和世界各地被视为国家安全的关键组成部分和就业的关键要素的部门。中小企业是社会稳定的保障,是创新发展的重要组成部分,因此对乌克兰融入欧盟的成功与否有着重要影响。乌克兰中小企业的发展现状与欧盟中小企业的发展状况大致成正比,但国内中小企业的监管条件仍未完全达到保证经济增长的要求和标准。因此,在乌克兰积累和了解世界发达国家在程序领域的经验对于中小企业国家政策的形成变得越来越重要。这一进程的第一阶段是适当界定管制对象- -即制订明确的术语和标准- -哪些经济主体属于微型、小型和中型。本文考虑了乌克兰中小企业现代分类的发展阶段,提出了这一过程的积极和消极组成部分。分析了乌克兰中小企业分类与欧洲实践接轨的过程。在国家扶持计划形成的背景下,考虑了中小企业分类的特殊性。以乌克兰法律的形式采用经济活动分类(KVED:2010)的权宜之计已经进行了研究(此时-作为乌克兰国家统计局的规范性行为)。文章表明,在大多数发达国家,中小企业的分类并不完全适用于不同的政策(财政、支持政策、出口等),甚至在一个国家内,也可以使用不同的中小企业分类。因此,重点不在于中小企业是否正式符合一定的标准,而在于对微型企业和中小企业在本质上的区别有一个有意义的认识。对中小微企业的公共政策目标有质的不同,应使用不同的公共政策工具的界定。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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