Features of the Use of Centralized and Decentralized Instruments of Foreign Trade Coercion

Abstract

Measures of foreign trade restriction are a set of restrictive actions taken against the violator of the norms of international law to ensure the fulfillment of obligations imposed on them within the framework of the institute of international legal responsibility. The application of these measures is based on strict observance of the principles of legitimacy, in connection with which it was found that their essence lies in the introduction of temporary retaliatory restrictions in the field of violated obligations, forcing the delinquent to ensure the restoration of the rights and interests of participants in international economic relations affected by his illegal actions. Most of these measures are concentrated in the field of international trade exchange and are implemented through the use of instruments of foreign trade coercion, which are a set of practical means and methods of restricting export-import operations, the impact of which affects all areas of international trade, thereby providing comprehensive pressure on the violator. Further consideration of these instruments allowed us to establish that the methods of their impact can be based on the use of market mechanisms or the establishment of direct prohibitions. In accordance with this, it is customary to classify the instruments of foreign trade coercion into customs tariff and non-tariff restrictions, the arsenal of which is steadily expanding, including through means of a veiled nature.