{"title":"Ion-implanted waveguide formation in silica","authors":"C. Johnson, M. Ridgway, P. Leech","doi":"10.1109/COMMAD.1996.610158","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The optimum processing parameters for the fabrication of low-loss waveguides in fused silica by ion implantation and annealing have been determined through a comparison of implantation-induced physical and optical properties. The step height at an implanted/unimplanted boundary resulting from Si implantation was measured as a function of ion dose (2/spl times/10/sup 12/-6/spl times/10/sup 16//cm/sup 2/), post-implantation annealing temperature (200-900/spl deg/C) and time (0-2.5 hr). For a given ion energy (5 MeV), the compaction increased for doses </spl sim/10/sup 15//cm/sup 2/ and thereafter, saturated. Isochronal and isothermal annealing both resulted in a non-linear reduction in compaction, typical of a thermally-induced process. In contrast to the continual reduction in compaction observed during isochronal annealing, the loss coefficient exhibited a distinct minimum of /spl sim/0.15 dB/cm at an intermediate temperature of 500/spl deg/C. This feature was consistent with the removal of a specific defect or colour centre. Investigation of the annealing behaviour of the B/sub 2/-band indicated that this defect was not responsible for the observed loss behaviour nor was the decrease in refractive index. Surface cracking was observed for C, Si, and Ge-implantations at doses around 8/spl times/10/sup 13//cm/sup 2/, an effect exaggerated for the lighter ions.","PeriodicalId":171952,"journal":{"name":"1996 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices. Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1996-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"1996 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices. Proceedings","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMMAD.1996.610158","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
The optimum processing parameters for the fabrication of low-loss waveguides in fused silica by ion implantation and annealing have been determined through a comparison of implantation-induced physical and optical properties. The step height at an implanted/unimplanted boundary resulting from Si implantation was measured as a function of ion dose (2/spl times/10/sup 12/-6/spl times/10/sup 16//cm/sup 2/), post-implantation annealing temperature (200-900/spl deg/C) and time (0-2.5 hr). For a given ion energy (5 MeV), the compaction increased for doses