論明代墓葬中的錫明器──以功臣墓、藩王墓、帝陵出土錫供器為核心

Abstract

《明集禮》中記載的官賜明器包含了一組錫明器，常見於明代功臣和皇室成員的墓葬中，學界多從禮制實踐的角度對其進行探討。然而，根據紀年墓的材料，考古發掘的錫明器種類並非完全與禮書中的品項對應，反而可以見到宋元以來逐漸發展的供器，在明墓中也以錫器的形態呈現。這些錫供器強化了錫明器的祭祀意味，改變了這組器物原本的功能和意義。本文以明代功臣墓、藩王墓和定陵出土的錫供器為核心，探討禮制與實踐之間的動態性發展。  The Collection of Ming Rites lists sets of pewter vessels that emperors bestowed upon their prominent officials for their burial use. Current scholarship usually interprets these excavated vessels in terms of written ritual prescripts. However, when comparing the chronology of tomb evidence along with the types of vessels found in recent archeological excavations to how these objects are discussed in ritual manuals, we can clearly see the gradual development from the Song and Yuan dynasties of altar vessels and their manufacture, which amplified the sacrificial significance of these objects. How we understand these developments changes how we interpret the use of the late Ming vessels and furthermore requires a revision of our scholarly conclusions as to the function and meaning of the use of burial vessels in the Ming. This article analyzes pewter vessels found in tombs of prominent officials, princes, and the emperor to deepen our understanding of the dynamic relationship between rites and practices.