玩井字棋遊戲與幼兒執行功能之相關

Abstract

井字棋遊戲是幼兒園中常見的桌遊，它可以很簡單，也可以很複雜，而學前階段也正是執行功能快速發展的時期。本研究目的在探討幼兒玩井字棋遊戲能力的發展，以及由執行功能三個成分對幼兒玩井字棋遊戲能力的預測效果。本研究以33位大班及中班幼兒為研究對象，以「井字棋遊戲作業」測量幼兒玩井字棋遊戲的能力，以後向數字廣度作業、白天/晚上作業、及向度改變卡片分類作業測量幼兒執行功能的三個成分（工作記憶、抑制控制、與心向轉換）。結果發現，大班幼兒在「贏」題型及井字棋遊戲的整體表現顯著比中班幼兒好。其次，幼兒在「贏」題型及井字棋遊戲總分都與工作記憶及執行功能總分有顯著正相關；而且工作記憶可以預測幼兒在「贏」題型及井字棋遊戲的表現。  Tic-tac-toe, with varying levels of complexity, is a common board game employed in kindergartens. Executive function rapidly develops during preschool years. This study investigated the development of young children’s performance while playing Tic-Tac-Toe game and the predictive effects of three components of executive function on children’s performance to play the game. The performance of 33 senior and junior preschoolers in terms of Tic-Tac-Toe game performance, working memory, inhibitory control, and set shifting was assessed using a Tic-TacToe game task, backwards digit span task, day–night task, and Dimensional Change Card Sort task. The results revealed that senior preschoolers outperformed junior preschoolers in the Win type of game and in Tic-Tac-Toe game. Moreover, the performance of young children in the Win type of game and Tic-Tac-Toe game was related to their working memory and executive function. Furthermore, working memory predicted the young children’s performance in the Win type of game and in Tic-Tac-Toe game.