Water cycle algorithm based PIDD controller for LFC of multi area diverse source system with communication time delays

Abstract

This paper made an effort for the implementation of proportional (P)-integral (I)-double derivative (DD) (PIDD) controller rendered with water cycle algorithm (WCA) to maintain stability of multi-area diverse source (MADS) interconnected power system. MADS system comprises of two areas with generation units like thermal-hydro-gas in each area. WCA tuned PIDD controller performance is assessed by injecting a step load disturbance of 1% in area-1 of MADS system and the PIDD controller efficacy is showcased by comparing with the performances of classical PI and PID controllers. To perform the research work more close to realistic practice, communication time delays (CTDs) are perceived with the system. Moreover, the importance of considering CTDs in the process of designing secondary regulator is demonstrated.