Hybrid pixel detectors at the Large Hadron Collider: Past and future

Abstract

Hybrid pixel detectors have been used as vertex detectors in most of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. Their truly 3D hit information, together with their efficiency, speed and radiation resistance make them ideal to reconstruct track and vertices in the harsh environment surrounding the LHC interaction region. Many technological challenges have been overcome to build those devices according to the specifications of the LHC experiments. Some of the key challenges will be briefly described together with the most significant results obtained with these hybrid pixel detectors. The success of this technology opens the way to larger and more sophisticated vertex detectors for the LHC upgrade program. The main developments underway for pixel detectors in this upgrade program will also be presented.