Specification of Bilingual Scenario of Cross-Language Relationship and Its Implementation Problems (Based on the Examples of Canada, Belgium and Spain)

Abstract

Our current research is dedicated to the analysis of the most demonstrative scenarios of bilingual cross-language relationship andpeculiarities of their implementation within a single state, comparing the experience of such countries as Canada, Belgium andSpain. It has been examined that “type A” scenario implies of the ideas of the absence of “Great Tradition”, “type B” - the existenceof such “Great Tradition” and “type C” involves several “Great Traditions”, which remain in the relationship of competition. Besides,it has been estimated that diglossia models w ere distributed in former colonial states of Africa and India.Consideration of Canadian experience firstly showed the facts of the English-French bilingualism type; in addition to it, it has beenproved that all Federal Institutions had been transferred to bilingual background that was adopted legislatively by the Constitutionof Canada. The case of Belgium has occurred to be even more demonstrative, while this country has two components, which qualitativelydiffer “Belgian case” from the “Canadian”: a) more consequent background upon the ethnic model of communities’ identity(in Canada this model is exclusively “linguistic”, close to American “civil nation’s model”) and b) practical absence of the questionconsideration about “Belgian nation” (in Canadian case there exists such a public require, but it remains unsatisfied). Third country’s(Spain) investigation involves two principles which allow Spain to occupy the middle position between unitary, centralized,monolingual France and completely regionalized Belgium and pushes us to characterize the combination of these principles (“stateintegrity” and “regional demand”) as the “symbols of combination”.