MiNiaturized Quarter-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (QMSIW) antenna using Sierpinski fractal geometry

Abstract

A planar Sierpinski fractal on a Quarter Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (QMSIW) antenna is proposed in this paper. The designed antenna has an overall dimension of 35 × 40 mm2. The QMSIW is obtained by bisecting the Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) along the fictitious quasi-magnetic wall while maintaining similar performance characteristics. Two stages of Sierpinski fractals have been introduced and their effects in the frequency reduction have been investigated. Fractal structures increase the effective current path leading to miniaturization of antennas. Rectangular slots have been cut on the ground plane to perturb the electric field for further miniaturization. The QMSIW antenna with second stage of Sierpinski fractal has been designed, fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results match closely.