Detection of residues and determination of the composition of combustible components in case of explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures

Larisa Anatolyevna Yatsenko, M.Y Printseva, Ilya Danilovich Cheshko, Artur Alexandrovich Tumanovsky
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Abstract

Introduction. Liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) are widely used in various fields. The main components of LHG are: propane, isobutane and n-butane, which are not only combustible, but also explosive gases capable of detonation combustion. The detection of LHG in the air is a very urgent task in expert studies. To determine the component composition of various flammable liquids, for the purpose of their identification, chromatographs equipped with a capillary quartz column with a phase that allows detecting saturated hydrocarbons of the homologous series from pentane to pentatetracontane inclusive are used in the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. However, it is not possible to analyze the component composition of lighter hydrocarbons according to the previously proposed and used in expert practice method for detecting and studying flammable liquids/high liquids under these conditions. To solve the problem of unification of the use of the instrumental base for the detection of residues of flammable liquids, liquid liquids and light hydrocarbons, new chromatography conditions were selected using the existing equipment set. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to select the analysis conditions for detecting the remains of liquefied hydrocarbon gases after explosions of steam-air mixtures on the basis of the instrumental gas chromatographic complex in service with the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. Research methods. To detect and determine the composition of residues of combustible components during explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures, a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, a ZB-50 capillary column, and an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber was used. Results and its discussion. In the course of the study, the optimal conditions for conducting gas chromatographic analysis were defined and selected in order to detect liquefied hydrocarbon gases. Recommended pressures are given for various carrier gases. It is shown that, by varying the pressure and inlet temperature, light hydrocarbons propane, butane, isobutane is fairly well separated on a gas-liquid chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and on a ZB-50 capillary column 30 meters long. Conclusion. The research shows that the problem of combining a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas chromatograph with an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber used for the analysis of two groups of substances (liquefied hydrocarbons and flammable liquids, gas liquids) is solved by varying the pressure and temperature of the input. Keywords: gas-liquid chromatography, thermal desorption, liquefied petroleum gases, light hydrocarbons, air-fuel mixtures, vapor-gas-air mixtures, explosion, fire examination.
蒸气-气体-空气混合物爆炸时可燃成分的残留物检测和成分测定
介绍。液化烃气体(LHG)广泛应用于各个领域。LHG的主要成分是:丙烷、异丁烷和正丁烷,它们不仅是可燃物,而且是能够爆轰燃烧的爆炸性气体。空气中LHG的检测是专家研究的一个非常紧迫的任务。为了确定各种可燃液体的组分组成,为了对其进行鉴定,俄罗斯联邦消防局(EMERCOM)的法医鉴定机构使用了配备毛细管石英柱的色谱仪,该色谱柱的相可以检测从戊烷到含五四孔烷的同源系列饱和烃。然而,在这些条件下,根据先前提出并在专家实践中用于检测和研究易燃液体/高纯度液体的方法,不可能分析轻质碳氢化合物的成分组成。为解决可燃液体、液态液体和轻烃残留量检测仪器底座使用统一的问题,在现有设备的基础上选择了新的色谱条件。目标和目的。本研究的目的是在俄罗斯联邦消防局法医鉴定机构使用的仪器气相色谱复合物的基础上,选择检测蒸汽-空气混合物爆炸后液化碳氢气体残留物的分析条件。研究方法。为了检测和确定蒸汽-气体-空气混合物爆炸过程中可燃组分残留物的组成,采用了一种基于气液色谱仪的硬件-软件仪器组合,该仪器配备了火焰电离检测器、ZB-50毛细管柱和两级热解吸器的附件。结果及其讨论。在研究过程中,确定并选择了气相色谱分析的最佳条件,以检测液化烃气体。给出了各种载气的推荐压力。结果表明,在带火焰电离检测器的气液色谱仪上,在长30米的ZB-50毛细管柱上,通过改变压力和入口温度,轻烃——丙烷、丁烷、异丁烷可以很好地分离。结论。研究表明,通过改变输入的压力和温度,解决了气相色谱仪与两级热解吸器附件相结合的硬件-软件仪器复合物分析两组物质(液化碳氢化合物和可燃液体、气态液体)的问题。关键词:气液色谱,热解吸,液化石油气,轻烃,空气-燃料混合物,蒸汽-气体-空气混合物,爆炸,火灾检测。
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