TERMS AS UNITS OF TRANSLATION

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to determine the features of the translation of technical terms from English into Ukrainian. A term is a word or phrase that expresses a clearly defined concept in a particular field of science, technology, art, socio-political life, and so on. Scientific and technical terminology is a wide layer of vocabulary that develops intensively and actively interacts with other layers of the vocabulary of the language, primarily with common vocabulary. Unlike commonly used words, terms are usually unambiguous, they are not characterized by expression. Some terms have lost a purely special character and are widely used in various parts of speech, while others retain a narrowly specialized use. Peculiarities of terms, as well as their translation into Ukrainian were studied by such linguists as G. Bezhenar, I. Beloded, I.Volkova, M.Volodina, B.Golovin, V.Danylenko, А. Dyakov, T Kiyak, R. Korobin, D Lotte, A. Naumenko, O. Oguy, E. Pirikov and others. Terms, as specific lexical units of language, are characterized by such features as accuracy, unambiguity, systematicity, objectivity and motivation. Translation of complex terms consists of two main procedures - analytical and synthetic. An important role in the translation of phrases is played by the analytical stage - the translation of its individual components. And for this it is necessary to correctly define the components of a complex term, because they can be not only words but also phrases that are part of a complex term. The main means of translating terms-phrases are descriptive method, transcription and tracing. The most difficult to translate are terms that have different meanings not only in different fields of science and technology, but even in one field. The main problem of translation of terms and terms-phrases is their ambiguity not only among different branches of science, but also within the technical field itself. Terms are units of language and professional knowledge that ensure the effectiveness of intercultural communication. For this reason, the greatest practical significance in the translation of scientific and technical texts is the equivalent translation of terminology. Differences in the lexical structure and morphosyntactic structure of terms have objective linguistic reasons: English terms, the structure of which includes a substantive defining component (noun or noun group), cannot be translated into Ukrainian without differences in morphosyntactic structure due to differences in the grammatical structure of languages.