Design and Simulation of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

In today’s world the Under-Water Sensor networks (UWSNs) are used for variety of applications. However, exchange of information in underwater is challenging hence it’s very much required to design a routing algorithm that increase overall Network lifetime and reduce energy consumption. The nodes are spread into multiple areas and then from each area the cluster head is chosen to perform inter cluster communication. There are several approaches in which cluster head can be selected either based on random probability or based on residual energy or by considering mobility-based factors, but they suffer from choosing a nonperforming resource as cluster head. In this work first cluster formation is optimized by making use of un-supervised k means machine learning algorithm, secondly selection of cluster head is done based on multiple parameters like distance with respect to Control Center node, residual energy and based on mobility factor of the nodes thereby having the optimized node as the cluster head election. Here the algorithm used are Depth Based routing (DBR), Depth and Energy Aware dominating set (DEADs), Region Based Courier-nodes Mobility with Incremental Cooperative (RBCMIC) and Modified RBCMIC. This paper simulates all four algorithms and checked which algorithm help in better energy efficiency. Simulation results also show comparison of all algorithms in terms of parameters like End-to-End delay, number of hops, Alive nodes, Dead nodes, Energy consumption, Lifetime ratio.