ZEMSKAYA MEDICINE OF THE VYATKA PROVINCE IN THE 60-90s OF THE 19th CENTURY: FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN HEALTH CARE

Abstract

The article deals with the basic principles of local (zemstvo) medicine, which was established in 60-90 years of the 19th century as a result of “Great Reforms” by Tsar Alexander II and consequently with the activity of local self-government institutions (zemstvos). The main aims, methods and directions of zemstvo medicine are researched. The author concludes that the experience of zemstvo medicine is still relevant for contemporary Russian medicine. The process of establishing zemstvo medical institutions and medical staff, travelling and stationary system, also the search for effective methods of doctor’s assistance is shown. The author deals with the zemstvo activity not only in medical sphere, but also in different aspects of common life of local population. The results of cooperation between zemstvos and doctors have been the organization of Vyatka medical council and the congresses of Vyatka doctors. The most important results of zemstvo period were the increasing of medical assistance for Vyatka inhabitants and the forming of intellectual groups in this region.