Dadaism in the Dynamics of the Development of European Avant-garde

Abstract

The article focuses on the history of development and the establishment on the European cultural territories of Dadaism. Based on the chronological approach, it shows the place of Dadaism in the dynamics of the first experiments of French (Fauvism) and Italian (Futurism) avant-garde. Despite the lack of consistency in the aesthetical and artistic orientations of the Dadaists, the scatteredness in individual articles and manifestos of their ideas, the starting points should be the theses on the relation of the “Dada” art and “reality”, which at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries, was distorted by poets and painters. Dada offers its own vision of “reality”, where various aspects of it can intersect, namely, social and artistic. The article considers originality of both the aesthetic and artistic, and political and ideological orientation of German and Swiss Dadaists, as well as the role of Dadaism in the formation of surrealism. It states that the theoretical searches of the Dadaists need further analysis, since their scientific explorations of the 1920s-30s went beyond the borders of European countries and aroused considerable interest among those writers and poets who, starting 1914, formed and developed the “Ukrainian model of futurism”. The author analyzed the most indicative artistic and expressive means “worked out” in the process of Dadaistic searches and confirmed the original aesthetic platform of this direction during the 1910s-30s conditions.