Errors in radiation diagnosis of pituitary adenomas

Abstract

Craniography, computer-aided tomography (CAT), and magnetic imaging (MI) are carried out in 236 patients with suspected pituitary adenoma. Causes of hypo- and hyperdiagnosis are analyzed. Algorithm of using radiodiagnostic methods is developed. Pituitary adenomas are recognized by assessing the size of the pituitary and sella turcica, detailed study of pituitary structure and status of the sella turcica walls and the adjacent tissues. Radiodiagnosis in combination with clinical laboratory findings permit the differentiation of pituitary adenomas from other pathological processes in this gland (hyperplasia, atrophy, inflammation, and dystrophy) and from changes in the neighboring tissues (calcification of different origin, increase of intracranial pressure, etc.). For minimizing the diagnostic errors, craniography is to precede CAT or MI. CAT or MI should be carried out in the “amplification ” mode, and in difficult diagnostic cases should be repeated over time. For an experienced specialist, MI by its informative value is the method of choice for the diagnosis of pituitary diseases (adenomas, cysts, etc.).