Evaluation of the Clinical Features of Bronchiolitis in Paediatric Patients and Exploration of the Risk Factors

Rumy Tabrez Hyder, Shafi Ahmed, Atm Faruque Ahmed
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Abstract

Background: In general, bronchiolitis presents as a progressive viral respiratory illness in children younger than 2 years of age, most commonly between 2-6 months. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the clinical presentations of acute bronchiolitis in infants and young children and to evaluate the individual characteristics and environmental factors which can increase the risk of severe disease and hospitalization. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in the department of Paediatrics, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College and Hospital, Enayetpur, Sirajganj. A total of 70 patients were included in the study, who were admitted to the hospital with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis and were followed up in the Paediatric department during January, 2021 to December, 2021. Data collection was done by using a questionnaire form and by physical examination. The information for the questionnaire was provided by the childrens’ mothers. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: According to the results of the study, 39(55.7%) children were infants, aged between 2-6 months, 21(30.0%) were between 7-12 months and 10(14.3%) children of more than 12 months of age. Boys (47, 67.1%) were affected more commonly than girls (23, 32.9%) in a ratio of 2:1. Some 60 (85.7%) of the children had siblings and 46 (65.7%) children lived in crowded environment at home. Many (25, 35.7%) parents of the children were cigarette smokers and 37(52.9%) children were given formula feeds. There was previous history of hospitalization among 14(20.0%) cases and 5(7.1%) children were pre-term. The most common clinical presentations of bronchiolitis were cough among 61(87.1%) cases, wheeze in 56(80.0%), respiratory distress in 49(70.0%) and feeding difficulty in 28(40.0%) children. Conclusion: The risk factors for bronchiolitis were young age (2-6 months), presence of a sibling, a history of hospital admission, crowding and paternal smoking at home and formula feeding. The most common clinical presentations were cough, wheeze and respiratory distress. J Monno Med Coll June 2022;8(2): 48-52
小儿毛细支气管炎临床特点评价及危险因素探讨
背景:一般来说,毛细支气管炎表现为一种进行性病毒性呼吸道疾病,发生于2岁以下儿童,最常见于2-6个月。目的:探讨婴幼儿急性毛细支气管炎的临床表现,评价其个体特征及可增加重症及住院风险的环境因素。方法:本描述性研究在Sirajganj Enayetpur的Khwaja Yunus Ali医学院和医院儿科进行。该研究共纳入70例患者,他们因临床和影像学诊断为急性细支气管炎而入院,并于2021年1月至2021年12月在儿科接受随访。数据收集采用问卷调查和体格检查。问卷的信息是由孩子的母亲提供的。采用SPSS软件进行数据分析。结果:本组患儿中婴儿39例(55.7%),年龄在2-6月龄,7-12月龄21例(30.0%),12月龄以上10例(14.3%)。男孩(47,67.1%)比女孩(23,32.9%)更常见,比例为2:1。60名(85.7%)儿童有兄弟姐妹,46名(65.7%)儿童生活在拥挤的家庭环境中。吸烟儿童家长较多(25.5%,35.7%),采用配方奶粉喂养儿童37例(52.9%)。14例(20.0%)患儿有住院史,5例(7.1%)患儿为早产儿。临床表现以咳嗽61例(87.1%)、喘息56例(80.0%)、呼吸窘迫49例(70.0%)、喂养困难28例(40.0%)最为常见。结论:毛细支气管炎的危险因素为年幼(2-6个月)、有兄弟姐妹、住院史、家中拥挤、父亲吸烟和配方奶喂养。最常见的临床表现为咳嗽、喘息和呼吸窘迫。中华医科大学学报(自然科学版);2009;8(2):48-52
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