Representações sociais sobre a feminização do magistério na imprensa pernambucana (1885-1915)

Édla Silva, A. Arantes
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Abstract

Considering the teaching activity in Brazil as been initiated by men, and considering the Brazilian teacher profile in basic education as predominantly feminine (INEP, 2009), it is necessary to think about feminization of national mastership and the factors that contributed to this. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand the social representation about woman and the female mastership in Pernambuco press in the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century, considering how those representations could induce the process of mastership feminization. Aiming to understand those representations and their influences, we analyzed newspapers written by women and to women, as well as academic society’s newspapers and the Public Instruction Magazine of Pernambuco, official document of state. We based our research theoretically in cultural history studies, precisely in Roger Chartier (1990). In this perspective, it’s important underscore the significance of working with newspapers to History and Education research, because it does not only portray the society itself, but it takes part on it. While we were analyzing the representations it was possible to see the scarcity of speeches related to woman teacher. In the other hand, it is possible to perceive the importance of woman education as mother of the future men of the nation. We end that positivism contributed to mastership feminization, because it reinforces the man in a position of power. The woman and woman teacher’s education were related to the role of being mother and the supposed feminine sensibility should be directed to do not worry about peddling, providing full development to their students.
伯南布哥出版社教师女性化的社会表现(1885-1915)
考虑到巴西的教学活动是由男性发起的,考虑到巴西基础教育教师的概况以女性为主(INEP, 2009),有必要考虑国家掌握权的女性化及其促成因素。因此,本研究的目的是了解19世纪末20世纪初伯南布哥出版社中关于女性和女性主人的社会表征,并考虑这些表征如何诱发主人女性化的过程。为了理解这些表述及其影响,我们分析了女性撰写的报纸和写给女性的报纸,以及学术团体的报纸和伯南布哥州的官方文件《公共教育杂志》。我们的研究以文化史研究为理论基础,确切地说是Roger Chartier(1990)。从这个角度来看,强调与报纸合作对历史和教育研究的意义是很重要的,因为它不仅描绘了社会本身,而且还参与了社会。当我们分析表征时,我们可以看到与女教师相关的演讲很少。另一方面,我们也可以认识到女性教育作为国家未来男性之母的重要性。我们认为,实证主义助长了主宰女性化,因为它强化了男性在权力地位上的地位。妇女和女教师的教育与母亲的角色有关,应该引导所谓的女性感性,不要担心兜售,为学生提供充分的发展。
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