Child Labour, Parental Neglect, School Boards, and Teacher Quality: School Inspector Reports on the Supply and Demand of Schooling in Mid-nineteenth-century Sweden

Germund Larsson, J. Westberg
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

By examining the state school inspector reports of 1861–1863, which provide rich insights into the local conditions of schooling in Sweden, this article sheds further light on the wide range of factors that weakened school enrolment and attendance in nineteenth-century Sweden. In terms of parental demand, these included child labour on farms, at manors, and in industries; the transformation of the servant system among rural households; and religious practices, such as the confirmation and the beliefs of Protestant sectarian groups. On the supply side, factors that school inspectors reported included the inability of Swedish teacher seminars to examine enough teachers and the problematic behaviour of local school boards. As a result, this article provides additional input into the debate in educational history regarding the role of the state, religion, rural elites, and parents in the rise of mass schooling, while simultaneously providing further qualitative evidence to a quantitatively oriented research field in economic history on the determinants of schooling.
童工、父母忽视、学校董事会和教师素质:19世纪中期瑞典学校教育供需的学校检查员报告
通过研究1861-1863年的公立学校督学报告,本文进一步揭示了19世纪瑞典削弱学校入学率和出勤率的各种因素。这些报告为瑞典当地的学校教育状况提供了丰富的见解。就父母的需求而言,这些需求包括农场、庄园和工业中的童工;农村家庭佣人制度的转变;以及宗教习俗,例如新教教派团体的信仰。在供应方面,学校检查员报告的因素包括瑞典教师研讨会无法检查足够的教师以及当地学校董事会的问题行为。因此,本文为教育史上关于国家、宗教、农村精英和父母在大规模学校教育兴起中的作用的辩论提供了额外的输入,同时为经济史上以定量为导向的研究领域提供了进一步的定性证据,以确定学校教育的决定因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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