The Induction and Examination of Hongmu 31 (1398)’s Bunjaegi on Slaves Sending Back to the Owners

Gwang-soo Chae
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Abstract

This study will introduce Bunjaegi written in 1398 (Hongmu 31), and it is particularly special because it has been regarded as the earliest case in Chosun. Moreover, as it deals with detailed contents including slaves’ runaway and arrest-related matters or the division of escaping slaves, it is even more noteworthy, and the document itself has crucial meaning as it is. The document examined here contains the process of sending the slaves back to the owners, division of slaves sending back to the owners, or the participants’ signature. When an escaping slave belonging to the family of Kim Min, the former Gammu of Goryeong, was found in Gimhwa-hyeon of Gangwon, nine former and in-service public officials joined in the process of sending him back to the owner. They had different roles according to their governmental post and succeeded in sending the slave back to the owner. Hence, the division of slaves was done in May, 1398. Ijojeonseo Jeong (鄭), the possessor of the document, received 3口, and the rest were divided according to their contribution. Regarding the way of naming, there was difference as they put only the last name of Gogwan and the first name, too, for Migwan in it, and the former was placed in the back. To introduce this document to academic circles itself is absolutely meaningful as we cannot find any precedent of it. Furthermore, it can be said to have significant value in that the issues of salves at the end of the 14th century can be utilized in research on the social history and also the history of management and control of the time as well.
洪穆三十一(1398)《奴隶归主文典》的归纳与考察
此次研究将介绍1398年(洪武31年)的文载歌,因为被认为是朝鲜最早的文载歌,所以具有特殊的意义。更值得注意的是,其中涉及到奴隶逃跑和被捕的相关事项或逃亡奴隶的划分等细节内容,文件本身就具有至关重要的意义。这里所检查的文件包含了将奴隶送回主人的过程,将奴隶送回主人的分工,或参与者的签名。在江原道金花岘发现了高陵前甘武金珉家族的逃奴后,9名前任和现任公务员参与了将他送还给原主的过程。他们根据自己的政府职位扮演不同的角色,并成功地将奴隶送回了主人手中。因此,1398年5月,奴隶的分配完成了。这份文件的持有者Ijojeonseo Jeong(音译)得到了3千元,其余的根据他们的贡献进行了分配。在命名方式上,只写了高莞的姓和米莞的名,而且把高莞放在后面,存在差异。将这份文件介绍给学术界本身就具有绝对的意义,因为我们找不到任何先例。此外,14世纪末的药膏问题可以用来研究社会史,也可以用来研究当时的管理和控制史,可以说具有重要的价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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