Innovative-oriented neo-industrialization as an imperative to the development of the Russian economy

I. Minakova, O. Solodukhina, T. Bukreeva
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Abstract

In developed countries, the view prevails that industrial production is losing its central importance in the economic system, and it is being replaced by a rapidly growing tertiary sector. However, world practice shows that industrial production is currently the most efficient sector of the economy. Neo-industrialization is possible only under conditions of innovation implementation. The paper proves the fact that a share of cutting-edge knowledge embodied in technologies, equipment, personnel training, and manufacturing process management in developed countries makes up from 70 to 90% of GDP growth. Introduction of innovations has become a key factor of market competition giving progressive companies an opportunity to reach excess profits based on assignment of intellectual rent arisen by the monopoly usage of more advanced technologies. Nowadays, Russia faces a problem to form advanced engineering and manufacturing systems. At the same time, the Russian economy does not have an operating system of state stimulation of innovation development. The factors constraining the innovation-oriented development of industry in Russia are exposed thus: expensive energy resources, inefficient taxation system, insufficient money supply, unused human capital, quality of administration. The necessary measures which ensure the transition to a neo-industrial development with sustainable growth of the main indicators of national production and consumption have been identified.
以创新为导向的新工业化是俄罗斯经济发展的必然要求
在发达国家,普遍的看法是,工业生产正在失去其在经济系统中的中心重要性,正在被迅速增长的第三部门所取代。然而,世界实践表明,工业生产目前是经济中效率最高的部门。新工业化只有在创新实施的条件下才能实现。本文证明了发达国家在技术、设备、人才培训、制造过程管理等方面的前沿知识占GDP增长的70% - 90%。引进创新已经成为市场竞争的一个关键因素,使先进的公司有机会通过垄断使用更先进的技术而产生的知识租金的分配来获得超额利润。目前,俄罗斯面临着形成先进工程和制造体系的问题。与此同时,俄罗斯经济还没有形成国家刺激创新发展的运行体系。从而暴露出制约俄罗斯工业创新发展的因素:能源资源昂贵、税收制度低效、货币供给不足、人力资本未得到充分利用、管理质量不高。已经确定了确保向新工业发展过渡的必要措施,并使国民生产和消费的主要指标可持续增长。
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