Physiological tolerance to drought under high temperature in soybean cultivars

Jônatas Neves de Castro, C. Müller, G. M. Almeida, A. C. Costa
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Soybean is one of the most economically important crops and has experienced adverse physiological and biochemical effects when subjected to drought stress and heat, resulting in lost productivity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological, metabolic and growth responses of well-watered and drought-treated soybean cultivars under high temperature. The experimental design was set up in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme with three soybean cultivars (7739 M, Anta 82 and Desafio) and two water levels (100% and 40% field capacity). The experiment was conducted in a controlled growth chamber with a gradual rise in temperature at 41°C for 5 hours daily. Morpho-physiological and metabolic analyses were performed 12 days after the treatments imposition. The parameters of water and osmotic potentials, relative water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiratory rate, electron flux for the carboxylation and oxygenation of RuBisCO were decreased for all cultivars under water deficit and high temperature. The results showed that the photorespiration and the rate of electrolyte leakage were increased as well. These results showed that these physiological behaviors are standard for soybean plants under water deficit, regardless of cultivars. The cultivars 7739 M and Desafio showed lower performance than the cultivar Anta 82 for the parameters of total electron flow and effective quantum yield of PS II. The 7739 M and Anta 82 were the only cultivars to show increased non-photochemical quenching dissipation and total soluble sugar content, respectively, under stress conditions. Desafio cultivar demonstrated greater physiological and growth traits stability, which could potentially indicate double tolerance to these stresses.
大豆品种高温下抗旱生理耐受性研究
大豆是我国最重要的经济作物之一,在干旱胁迫和高温胁迫下,大豆的生理生化效应严重,导致产量损失。因此,本研究的目的是评价高温条件下丰水和干旱处理大豆品种的生理、代谢和生长响应。试验设计为随机区组,采用三种大豆品种(7739m、安踏82和德萨菲奥)和2个水位(100%和40%田容)的析因试验设计。实验在受控生长室内进行,温度在41℃下逐渐升高,每天5小时。在给药12天后进行形态生理和代谢分析。水分亏缺和高温条件下,各品种RuBisCO的水分和渗透电位、相对含水量、光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、羧化和氧化电子通量等参数均降低。结果表明,光呼吸和电解质漏出率均有所提高。结果表明,在水分亏缺条件下,这些生理行为是大豆植株的标配。在PS II的总电子流和有效量子产率参数上,7739m和Desafio表现低于安踏82。在胁迫条件下,7739m和安踏82分别表现出非光化学猝灭耗散和总可溶性糖含量的增加。Desafio品种表现出更高的生理和生长性状稳定性,可能表明其对这些胁迫具有双重耐受性。
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