{"title":"Jerozolima – święte miasto w średniowiecznych przewodnikach dla pielgrzymów","authors":"Wojciech Mruk","doi":"10.4467/20833105pc.17.007.16228","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Jerusalem – a holy city in medieval guidebooks for pilgrims\n\nA literary genre, typical for the high and late Middle Ages, connected with pilgrimages to the Holy Land, were lists of holy places. The tradition of making such brief, impersonal, and often anonymous catalogues of places worth visiting dates from the 12th century. Such registers were prepared for people guiding pilgrims or even pilgrims themselves who travelled from Europe to the East. That is why, the literature tends to treat works of that type as “guidebooks”. Comparison of three medieval guidebooks i.e. Descriptio de locis sanctis by Rorgo Fretellus (ca. 1137), and two anonymous textes: Les sains pelerinages que l’en doit reqquerre el la Terre Sainte (ca. 1229–1239) and Peregrinationes totius Terrae Sanctae (1491) allows us to analyse changes of pilgrims’ needs and expectations. Creation and collapse of crusaders’ states, as well as development of Ayyubid and Mamluk empires changed political situation in the Holy Land and had a serious impact on pilgrimage movement. Forced modification of pilgrims’ routes took place during decades of important changes of piety of Latin Christians, so pilgrims needed updated guidebooks.","PeriodicalId":134340,"journal":{"name":"Peregrinus Cracoviensis","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Peregrinus Cracoviensis","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20833105pc.17.007.16228","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Jerusalem – a holy city in medieval guidebooks for pilgrims
A literary genre, typical for the high and late Middle Ages, connected with pilgrimages to the Holy Land, were lists of holy places. The tradition of making such brief, impersonal, and often anonymous catalogues of places worth visiting dates from the 12th century. Such registers were prepared for people guiding pilgrims or even pilgrims themselves who travelled from Europe to the East. That is why, the literature tends to treat works of that type as “guidebooks”. Comparison of three medieval guidebooks i.e. Descriptio de locis sanctis by Rorgo Fretellus (ca. 1137), and two anonymous textes: Les sains pelerinages que l’en doit reqquerre el la Terre Sainte (ca. 1229–1239) and Peregrinationes totius Terrae Sanctae (1491) allows us to analyse changes of pilgrims’ needs and expectations. Creation and collapse of crusaders’ states, as well as development of Ayyubid and Mamluk empires changed political situation in the Holy Land and had a serious impact on pilgrimage movement. Forced modification of pilgrims’ routes took place during decades of important changes of piety of Latin Christians, so pilgrims needed updated guidebooks.
耶路撒冷——中世纪朝圣指南中的圣城一种典型的中世纪晚期文学类型,与圣地朝圣有关,是圣地的清单。制作这种简短、客观、通常是匿名的景点目录的传统可以追溯到12世纪。这样的登记簿是为从欧洲前往东方的朝圣者的向导甚至朝圣者自己准备的。这就是为什么文学倾向于将这类作品视为“指南”。通过对罗戈·弗雷特勒斯(约1137年)所著的《朝圣地点描述》(Descriptio de locis sanctis)和《Les sains pelerinages que l ' en doit requre el la Terre Sainte》(约1229-1239年)和《Peregrinationes totius Terrae Sanctae》(1491年)这两本中世纪指南的比较,我们可以分析朝圣者需求和期望的变化。十字军国家的建立和崩溃,以及阿尤布帝国和马穆鲁克帝国的发展,改变了圣地的政治局势,对朝圣运动产生了严重影响。几十年来,拉丁基督徒的虔诚发生了重大变化,朝圣者的路线被迫修改,因此朝圣者需要更新指南。