On the uniqueness of the Dongal type sites

V. Loman
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Abstract

To solve a number of problems in the ancient history of not only Kazakhstan, but also the adjacent regions, it is extremely important to study the sites of the period of transition from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The range of such sites includes the settlement of Dongal, located 208 km southeast of the city of Karaganda (Karkaralinsky district, Karaganda region), which was explored by an archaeological expedition of the Karagandy University of the name academician E.A. Buketov. Excavations have revealed the preserved lower parts of the walls of the dwellings, formed by horizontal laying of flat stones. Due to this, it was established that the dwellings had a rectangular shape, the walls were lined with stone slabs from the inside. In the center of each building was a hearth, which was a pit surrounded by stone blocks along the perimeter. Utility and pillar pits were located on the floor. The entrances to the dwellings were in the form of an L-shaped corridor. The discovered inventory includes various stone (pestles, graters, polishers, scrapers), bone (scutchers) and bronze (rivets, a fragment of a knife) tools. An archaeozoological analysis of the found animal bones showed that horse breeding was the leading branch of the economy of the inhabitants of the settlement. In the second place was the breeding of cattle, in the third — sheep breeding. Ceramics and the inventory of the settlement have analogies in the settlements of the Sargary-Alekseevsk culture of the Late Bronze Age. At the same time, the essential distinctive features of housebuilding and the ceramic complex allowed the author to single out sites like Dongal into a special type related to the common steppe cultures during the transition from the Final Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. It is possible that it is on the basis of this community thatthe cultures of the Scythian-Saka world develop.
论东加尔遗址的独特性
为了解决哈萨克斯坦乃至周边地区古代史上的诸多问题,研究青铜时代向早期铁器时代过渡时期的遗址具有极其重要的意义。这些遗址的范围包括Dongal定居点,位于卡拉干达市东南208公里(Karkaralinsky区,卡拉干达地区),由卡拉干达大学的E.A. Buketov院士的考古探险队进行了探索。挖掘发现了保存完好的住宅墙壁的下部,由扁平的石头水平铺设而成。因此,人们确定了住宅的形状为矩形,墙壁从内部内衬石板。在每座建筑的中心都有一个壁炉,这是一个由周围的石块包围的坑。公用设施和支柱坑位于地面上。住宅的入口呈l形走廊的形式。发现的库存包括各种石头(杵,磨碎器,抛光器,刮刀),骨头(切割器)和青铜(铆钉,刀的碎片)工具。对发现的动物骨骼进行的考古分析表明,养马是该定居点居民经济的主要分支。排在第二位的是牛的饲养,排在第三位的是羊的饲养。陶瓷和定居点的库存与青铜时代晚期萨加里-阿列克谢耶夫斯克文化的定居点有相似之处。与此同时,房屋建筑和陶瓷建筑群的基本特征使作者能够将东加尔遗址列为一种特殊类型,与从最后青铜时代过渡到早期铁器时代的普通草原文化有关。有可能正是在这个社区的基础上,斯基泰-萨卡世界的文化得以发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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