Features of corn accessions from the collection of Ustymivka experimental station of plant production for antioxidant properties and valuable economic characteristics

Y. Kharchenko, L.Ya. Kharchenko, O. Antsyferova, V. Pozdniakov
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Abstract

Aim – to evaluate corn accessions for antioxidant activity using a test based on the stable DPPH radical and to identify sources of valuable economic characteristics and high antioxidant activity in kernels for heterosis breeding. Results and Discussion. The article covers the results of studying antioxidant activity (AOA) in 178 accessions belonging to seven corn subspecies in 2017-2019. The accessions come from 14 countries, including 120 from Ukraine, and have various pigmentation of kernels. It was found that the antioxidant activity of kernels varied within 22.6-82.7%; the chlorogenic acid equivalent (CGAE) varied within 0.97-2.41 µg/g. Antioxidant activity depends on different factors, including growing conditions, origin, subspecies and grain color. Valuable starting material was selected to create lines and hybrids combining elevated AOA with valuable economic characteristics: high grain yield (SS 390, SS 356, MS 11, SE 406, SE 409, SE 416, RK 540-1 KTs 207-1, KTs 42-3, UP 229, Blondynka (UKR), Blu Corn (MEX)); high weight of 1000 kernels (KTs 807-5, KTs 42-3, KTsS 814-2, KTs 602-2, VN 1 (UKR), Freed White, Z 03-004 (USA)); high kernel number per cob (SS 308, MS 233, KTs 27-5, KTs 11, SE 414, SE 397, UP 208 (UKR)); long cobs (Blu Hopi (MEX)); high cob number per plant (VN 1, KTs 502-1 (Ukraine), Butter and Sugar Corn (USA), TAIL P1 (MEX)). The studied accessions are in the collections of Ustymivka Experimental Station and the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources and can be used by breeders and other consumers in theoretical and practical studies. Conclusions. The presented characteristics of 178 corn accessions in terms of total antioxidant activity revealed variability across accessions belonging to different subspecies from 20% to 82%. AOA depends on different factors, including weather conditions during cultivation, subspecies, and grain color. We selected corn accessions combining high antioxidant activity with high grain productivity, 1000-kernel weight, high kernel number per cob, long cobs, and high cob number per plant. It is expedient to involve corn lines originated from these accessions in the breeding of heterotic hybrids, which will become potential sources of antioxidants in foods.
乌斯季米夫卡植物生产实验站收集的玉米材料抗氧化性能和有价值的经济特性的特征
目的利用基于稳定DPPH自由基的试验评价玉米材料的抗氧化活性,为杂种优势育种寻找有价值的经济性状和高抗氧化活性的籽粒来源。结果和讨论。本文对2017-2019年7个玉米亚种178份材料的抗氧化活性(AOA)进行了研究。这些种子来自14个国家,其中包括乌克兰的120个国家,它们的籽粒颜色各异。结果表明,玉米籽粒抗氧化活性在22.6% ~ 82.7%之间;绿原酸当量(CGAE)在0.97 ~ 2.41µg/g之间变化。抗氧化活性取决于不同的因素,包括生长条件、产地、亚种和籽粒颜色。选择有价值的起始材料,选育具有高AOA和高经济特性的品系和杂交种:高产(SS 390、SS 356、MS 11、SE 406、SE 409、SE 416、RK 540-1、KTs 207-1、KTs 42-3、UP 229、Blondynka (UKR)、Blu Corn (MEX));1000粒高质量(KTs 807-5、KTs 42-3、KTs 814-2、KTs 602-2、vn1 (UKR)、Freed White、z03 -004(美国));高每芯粒数(SS 308, MS 233, KTs 27-5, KTs 11, SE 414, SE 397, UP 208 (UKR));长棒子(布鲁霍皮语);每株高穗轴数(vn1, KTs 502-1(乌克兰),黄油和糖玉米(美国),TAIL P1 (MEX))。所研究的材料来自乌斯季米夫卡实验站和国家植物遗传资源中心的收藏,可供育种者和其他消费者在理论和实践研究中使用。不同亚种的178份玉米材料的总抗氧化活性差异在20% ~ 82%之间。AOA取决于不同的因素,包括种植期间的天气条件、亚种和谷物颜色。我们选择了抗氧化活性高、籽粒产量高、千粒重、每芯高粒数、长芯和单株高芯数的玉米材料。利用这些种质来源的玉米品系进行杂种育种是有利的,这将成为食品中抗氧化剂的潜在来源。
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