Albuminuria and its Association with Diabetic Retinopathy among Type-2 Diabetic Patients at a Specialized Diabetic Clinic

Aisha Arooj, S. Fazid, Abdul Jalil Khan, H. Adeeb, H. Jawaid, I. Ullah
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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with an increasing prevalence around the globe. Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy are common complications of diabetes that can be prevented by early interventions. Objective: To assess the association between micro and macro-albuminuria with diabetic retinopathy in patients having Diabetes Mellitus type-2. Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients having Diabetes Mellitus type-2, visiting eye clinic at AIMS Diabetes Hospital and Research Center Hayatabad, Peshawar from October 2016 to March 2017. All patients having Diabetes Mellitus type-2 were included in the study using purposive sampling. After taking informed consent from patients, data were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using STATA-14. Linear regression was done for the assessment of an association of albuminuria with diabetic retinopathy and other independent variables. Results: A total of 141 type-2 diabetic patients were examined. The mean age of participants was 53.4±9.42 years and 73 (51.77%) were female. Of these patients, microalbuminuria was 88 (62.41%) and macroalbuminuria was 26 (18.4%). Overall, the frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy was 93 (65%), in which 62 (43%) were non-proliferative, and 31 (21.9%) were proliferative DR. On multivariate regression analysis, albuminuria was significantly associated with male gender, old age group (60 years and above), overweight, obesity, and occurrence of both NPDR and PDR (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Increased level of albuminuria in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type-2 enhances the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. The risk for developing Diabetic Retinopathy increases with an increase in BMI and age of the patients.
糖尿病专科诊所2型糖尿病患者蛋白尿及其与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系
背景:糖尿病是全球范围内患病率不断上升的主要非传染性疾病之一。糖尿病肾病和视网膜病变是糖尿病的常见并发症,可通过早期干预加以预防。目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者微量和大量蛋白尿与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系。方法:本研究以医院为基础,对2016年10月至2017年3月在白沙瓦AIMS糖尿病医院和Hayatabad研究中心眼科诊所就诊的2型糖尿病患者进行了横断面研究。所有2型糖尿病患者均采用目的抽样纳入研究。在获得患者的知情同意后,收集预先设计的问卷数据,并使用STATA-14进行分析。对蛋白尿与糖尿病视网膜病变和其他自变量的相关性进行线性回归评估。结果:共检查了141例2型糖尿病患者。参与者平均年龄为53.4±9.42岁,女性73人(51.77%)。其中微量白蛋白尿88例(62.41%),大量白蛋白尿26例(18.4%)。总体而言,糖尿病视网膜病变发生率为93例(65%),其中非增殖性dr 62例(43%),增殖性dr 31例(21.9%)。多因素回归分析显示,蛋白尿与男性、老年(60岁及以上)、超重、肥胖、NPDR和PDR同时发生相关(p值<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白水平增高可增加糖尿病视网膜病变的发生风险。患糖尿病视网膜病变的风险随着BMI和患者年龄的增加而增加。
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