The impacts of extra load from EVs in the Netherlands: A North-West Europe case study

Abstract

The deployment of EVs leads to a shift of the demand from transport to the power sector. This paper shows that in order to perform a realistic evaluation of the EVs integration impacts on a power system, the future developments in the increase of interconnection capacities should be taken into account. For this, three different charging scenarios are developed and tested using a North-Western Europe system model, together with a unit commitment and economic dispatch tool. EVs load time series are generated for each scenario by a stochastic model which is based on real commuting patterns of the Dutch population. The results indicate that EVs load is mainly supplied by conventional generation: gas, coal and nuclear. It is also noted that EVs lead to a very low increase in wind power utilization and even to a substitution of hydro generation.