Feed productivity of the biomass of spring triticale and common vetch companion sowings depending on the elements of cultivation technology

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the productivity indicators of spring triticale and common vetch in singlespecies and companion sowings depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results on the study of productivity, recoupment of fertilizers and specific features of the feed biomass growth in cultivation of spring triticale and common vetch in single-species and companion crops depending on the ratio of components on the Forest Steppe black soils, conducted annually during 2020-2022, are shown. Conclusions. In the companion cultivation of spring triticale and common vetch on different fertilization backgrounds, the productivity of the fodder agrocenosis increases from 5.15-6.44 to 5.29-6.87 t/ha of dry mass, which is 1-6% more compared to single-species sowings of spring triticale and by 9-26% compared to single-species common vetch sowings. The use of Humigran organic fertilizer increases the feed productivity of single-species crops of spring triticale and common vetch by 13 and 7% respectively, of binary grass mixtures with different ratios of these crops – by 3-11%, and when applying N45P45K45 mineral fertilizers – by 21, 11 and 23-24% respectively. The profitability of 1 kg of Humigran was 1.4-3.3 kg, and 1 kg of N45P45K45 showed the lowest indicators on single-species sowing of vetch – 4.1-9.4 kg of dry mass. The most influential factor in terms of yield from 1 ha of dry matter is the herbage factor with a 54% share. On the background without fertilizers, for 50 days, starting from May 10, during spring triticale yield formation, the output of dry feed biomass from 1 ha increased from 0.87 to 5.20 t (in the milk ripeness phase it decreased to 5.06 t), in common vetch and triticale-vetch mixture with a 25:75 ratio of components – from 0.64 to 4.86 and from 0.89 to 5.57 t/ha, respectively.